{"id":7627,"date":"2024-11-28T10:18:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=7627"},"modified":"2024-11-28T13:51:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-28T10:51:06","slug":"%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=7627","title":{"rendered":"\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-162-700x526.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7628\" width=\"590\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-162-700x526.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-162-900x676.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-162-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-162.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f 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\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c 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(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 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decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-164-700x536.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7630\" width=\"548\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-164-700x536.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-164-900x690.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-164-768x588.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-164.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-165-700x117.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7631\" width=\"530\" height=\"89\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-165-700x117.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-165-900x150.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-165-768x128.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-165.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 ln \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 G \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a (1.01325 \u00d7 105 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 = 1 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u064a = 760 \u0645\u0645 \u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ \u0633\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0640 U \u0623\u0648 (21.2 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ \u0633\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 U.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f G0 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (grad (E\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 (Uc) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-166-700x90.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7632\" width=\"552\" height=\"71\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-166-700x90.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-166-900x116.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-166-768x99.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-166.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u03b4\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 (P (Pa\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u03b8 (C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-167-700x100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7633\" width=\"553\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-167-700x100.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-167-900x128.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-167-768x109.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-167.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 (G\u20190)\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 grad E \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-168-700x107.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7634\" width=\"559\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-168-700x107.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-168-900x138.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-168-768x117.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-168.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f 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https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-169-900x132.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-169-768x113.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-169.png 975w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a 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