{"id":4649,"date":"2024-11-24T13:28:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T10:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=4649"},"modified":"2024-11-24T10:48:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T07:48:53","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%83-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=4649","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-90.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-90.png 975w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-90-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-90-768x465.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 (alloy) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 90-100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 (Darcet) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 50 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c 25 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c 25 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 98 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 (Darcet) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 (Wood)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631 (Ketelaar triangle).&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2135mean [(\u2135 a +\u2135 b) \/ 2] \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0394\u2135 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (binary compounds).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a (solvent) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 (solute) \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 (substitutional)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644 (interstitial).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u03b2-brass (CuZn) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 298 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 Cu \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 ccp \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 Zn \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 hcp\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639&nbsp; bcc.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><strong> (Substitutional Solid Solutions):<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a (sterling silver)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 Ag \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 92.5 \u066a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 7.5 \u066a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 ccp\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u201csuperstructure phase\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 Pd-Cu\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 Ag-Cu \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 Au-Ag\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong> (Interstitial Solid Solutions):&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 (holes) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 H \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 B \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 N\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f)\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (steel).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (Stainless Steels): \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 C \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 Cr \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10.5\u066a (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 Cr\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 Cr2O3 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 13000 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 (alloy) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 90-100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-76"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4649"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4649"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4651,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4649\/revisions\/4651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}