{"id":16849,"date":"2024-02-15T10:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T07:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=16849"},"modified":"2024-02-15T10:25:43","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T07:25:43","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=16849","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-64-700x393.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16858\" width=\"561\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-64-700x393.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-64-900x505.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-64-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-64.png 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u201c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d (PEDTs) \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a (PI) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (PEDT) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (PEDT) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (PEDTs) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (DC) \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 (Var) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0640 (PEDTs) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a (PEDTs)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (PEDTs\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 (DC)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 (DC)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c.\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (AC \/ DC) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (DC \/ DC) \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (HF) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 (DC-link) \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (50) \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0640 (PEDT) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (PWM) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 (THD) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (DC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (HF) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 (HF) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (HF) \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 (HF)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f (HF) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (PEDT)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (PEDT) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-56-700x233.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16850\" width=\"572\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-56-700x233.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-56-900x299.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-56-768x255.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-56.png 1010w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (PEDT) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (PWM) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (abc) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (PWM) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-57-700x305.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16851\" width=\"393\" height=\"172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-57-700x305.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-57-900x392.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-57-768x335.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-57.png 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-58-700x558.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16852\" width=\"391\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-58-700x558.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-58-900x717.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-58-768x612.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-58.png 994w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645: <\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 (PEDT) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 (1)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629.\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-59-700x271.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16853\" width=\"357\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-59-700x271.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-59-900x348.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-59-768x297.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-59.png 959w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-60-700x339.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16854\" width=\"364\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-60-700x339.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-60-900x436.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-60-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-60.png 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0640 (Pi Control)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (API-FLC) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (FLC\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 (FLC) \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (4) \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 (API-FLC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (FLC) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (e)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 [PI (u)]\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 (FLC) \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 (KP) \u0648 (KI) \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 (FLC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 (FLC) \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 (PI) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (e) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c [PI (u)]\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a (FLC)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-61-700x425.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16855\" width=\"506\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-61-700x425.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-61-900x547.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-61-768x466.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-61.png 1016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (e) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (e) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (NB) \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 (NS) \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0631 (Z) \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (PB) \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 (PS)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (5-a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-62-700x397.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16856\" width=\"499\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-62-700x397.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-62-900x510.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-62-768x435.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-62.png 972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-63-700x425.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16857\" width=\"519\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-63-700x425.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-63-900x547.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-63-768x467.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-63.png 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (PI) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a (API-FLC) \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u201c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d (PEDTs) \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u0631 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-47","category-60"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16849"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16849"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16859,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16849\/revisions\/16859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}