{"id":16511,"date":"2024-01-24T10:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T07:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=16511"},"modified":"2024-01-24T11:55:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T08:55:00","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=16511","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-265-700x425.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16512\" width=\"587\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-265-700x425.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-265-900x547.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-265-768x467.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-265.png 1150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (DC\/DC) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b 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\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u061b \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a (DC \/ DC) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (DC\/DC)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (DC\/DC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (fly-back) \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (DC \/ DC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0630\u0628\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 (DC \/ DC) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-266-409x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16513\" width=\"346\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-266-409x700.png 409w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-266.png 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (DC\/DC) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2) \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Vin\u060c Iin\u060c Vo\u060c Io\u060c iS1\u060c iS2\u060c iDa\u060c iDb\u060c iDo1\u060c iDo2)\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 (L1 \u060c L2) \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0637\u0629 (Lm1 \u060c Lm2)\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 (Lk1 \u060c Lk2 \u060c Ls)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Np1 \u060c Np2) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (Ns1 \u060cNs2)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (VMR) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a (Da Db Do1 Do2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a (Ca \u060cCb \u060cCo1 \u060cCo2)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-267-700x421.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16514\" width=\"411\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-267-700x421.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-267-900x542.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-267-768x462.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-267.png 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-268-430x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16515\" width=\"398\" height=\"648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-268-430x700.png 430w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-268.png 508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (CCM) \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (D) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.5) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 (180) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d (S1 \u060c S2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a (Ca \u060cCb \u060cCo1 \u060cCo2) \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 (Ts).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 (Lk1\u060cLk2\u060cLs) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 (L1\u060cL2)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a (N = Np1 \/) \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b (Ns1 = Np2 \/ Ns2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 DC\/DC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 1)\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 2)\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 3)\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 4) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 (Lk1 = Lk2 = Ls\u22480) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 (1) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 (3) \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d (S1 \u060c S2) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (Np1 \u060cNp2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Ns1 \u060cNs2) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-269-700x361.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16516\" width=\"355\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-269-700x361.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-269-900x464.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-269-768x396.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-269.png 945w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"311\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-270-311x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-270-311x700.png 311w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-270.png 364w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d (S1 \u060cS2) \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c (Vo)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a (N) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d (S1 \u060cS2) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (M).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-271-700x197.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16518\" width=\"349\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-271-700x197.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-271-900x253.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-271-768x216.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-271.png 958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a (Da \u060cDb \u060cDo1 \u060cDo2) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c (Vo) \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a (N).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-272-700x158.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16519\" width=\"386\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-272-700x158.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-272-900x204.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-272-768x174.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-272.png 968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-273-700x598.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16520\" width=\"440\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-273-700x598.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-273-900x769.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-273-768x656.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-273.png 978w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (63\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-274-700x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16521\" width=\"438\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-274-700x584.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-274-900x751.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-274-768x641.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-274.png 1011w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (DC \/ DC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f 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