{"id":15723,"date":"2023-12-20T14:38:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T11:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=15723"},"modified":"2023-12-20T13:04:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T10:04:54","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=15723","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-299-700x365.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15731\" width=\"530\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-299-700x365.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-299-900x470.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-299-768x401.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-299.png 1037w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-292-700x283.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15724\" width=\"456\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-292-700x283.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-292-900x363.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-292-768x310.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-292.png 981w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-297-700x679.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15729\" width=\"429\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-297-700x679.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-297-768x745.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-297.png 773w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-294-577x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15726\" width=\"427\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-294-577x700.png 577w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-294.png 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2) \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-296-700x460.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15728\" width=\"464\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-296-700x460.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-296-900x592.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-296-768x505.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-296-310x205.png 310w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-296.png 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (3) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-298-700x570.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15730\" width=\"444\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-298-700x570.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-298-900x733.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-298-768x625.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-298.png 958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 1760-1870) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 (CM)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 (CM) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (CM) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a (CM) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (CM) \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 (CM) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (IR) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a (1870\u0645-1945\u0645)\u061b \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 (CM) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PM)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (PM) \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 (CM)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d (PM) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (PPM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (PPM)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (IR) \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0628\u064a\u0646 1945\u0645-2010\u0645)\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (PM) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 (SQ2) \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f\u201d \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (CM) \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (PM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 (PdM) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a PM) PdM)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 (AM) \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0648 (metaheuristics) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 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