{"id":15261,"date":"2025-03-19T11:26:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T08:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=15261"},"modified":"2025-03-19T10:01:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T07:01:15","slug":"%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%89-%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%b9-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=15261","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-111-700x524.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15270\" width=\"538\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-111-700x524.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-111-900x673.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-111-768x575.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-111.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 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\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 (3.7) \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c (WECs) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (WEC) \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PTO) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a (WEC) \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 (WEC) \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a (WEC) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a (WEC) \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 (RL) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (ACC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 (ACCs) \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (AVT) \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 (WEC) \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (PTO)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (WEC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (WEC) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (PTO) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 (WEC) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (PTO) \u0643\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 (WEC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 (WEC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-103-612x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15262\" width=\"454\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-103-612x700.png 612w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-103.png 769w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (PTO WEC): \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (WEC PTO) \u0639\u0644\u0649 (PMLG) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (VSC)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 (d \u2013q) \u0644\u0640 (PMLG) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-104-700x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15263\" width=\"447\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-104-700x213.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-104-900x274.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-104-768x234.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-104.png 966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[isd (t) \u060c isq (t) \u060cVsd (t) \u060cVsq (t)]: \u0647\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (PMLG) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rs \u060c Ls \u060c \u03b3\u060c PM): \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[v (t)]: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 (PMLG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644 (2L-VSC) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 (2L-VSC) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 (MSC)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a (PMLG)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 (WEC)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 (MSC Vs)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 S (t) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (DC-link Vdc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-105-700x221.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15264\" width=\"473\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-105-700x221.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-105-900x284.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-105-768x242.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-105.png 979w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-106-700x384.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15265\" width=\"418\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-106-700x384.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-106-900x494.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-106-768x422.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-106.png 965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-107-700x688.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15266\" width=\"452\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-107-700x688.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-107-900x884.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-107-768x754.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-107.png 909w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 (Park and Clarke)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 [Vs (t)] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a [d \u2013q].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-108-700x348.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15267\" width=\"330\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-108-700x348.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-108-768x382.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-108-660x330.png 660w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-108.png 848w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a (WEC): \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 (WEC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-109-700x145.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15268\" width=\"509\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-109-700x145.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-109-768x159.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-109.png 892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[fex (t) \u060c fr (t) \u060c fb (t) \u060c frs (t) \u060c fd (t) \u060c ff (t) \u060c fem (t)]: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[(mb \u060c a (t))]: \u0647\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 (WEC) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-110-700x552.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15269\" width=\"513\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-110-700x552.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-110-768x605.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-110.png 868w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062e\u0637\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 [q\u02d9 (t) = Arq (t) + Brv (t)]\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 [q (t)] \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 [Crq]\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a (Ar \u0648 Br \u0648 Cr) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a (m\u221e \u060c Srs \u060c Rb) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (WEC) \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 (Stribeck) \u0648 (\u03bcv \u0648 \u03bcd \u0648 \u03bcs) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b (Fn) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 (t) \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (Stribeck)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 [(\u03c1 \u0648 Aw \u0648 Cd \u0648 vf (t)] \u0647\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (WEC\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 (MSC)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 (k)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (FCS-MPC)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 (WEC) \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (RL-FCS-MPC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (PTO) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 P \u2217 conv \/ P\u00afconv \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 f\u00afem )\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c 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