{"id":14662,"date":"2024-02-24T10:29:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-24T07:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=14662"},"modified":"2024-02-24T12:28:15","modified_gmt":"2024-02-24T09:28:15","slug":"%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=14662","title":{"rendered":"\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-189-700x416.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14665\" width=\"512\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-189-700x416.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-189-900x534.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-189-768x456.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-189.png 1110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 (LMLC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (WES) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 (CBR) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ASTM \u0648AASHTO \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ASTM ) AASHTO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 (Superpave Performance Grading) (PG)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PG \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 PG \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 0.5\u066a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.6 \u0631\u0637\u0644 (1.2 \u0643\u062c\u0645) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648ASTM D2041 \/ AASHTO T 209 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 10 \u0623\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0644 (45.36 \u0643\u062c\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 18 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (457.2 \u0645\u0645) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a (101.6 \u0645\u0645) \u0623\u0648 6 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a (152.4 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 35 \u0623\u0648 50 \u0623\u0648 75\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (166 ASTM D2726 \/ AASHTO T 166).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (ASTM D6927 \/ AASHTO T 245)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (50.8 \u0645\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 0.01 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (0.25 \u0645\u0645) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (LVDT)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ASTM D5581 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 6 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (152 \u0645\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (ASTM D2041 \/ AASHTO T 209) (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632) \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0648(ASTM D2726 \/ AASHTO T 166) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a (ASTM D3203 \/ AASHTO T 269) \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a (VMA) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 VMA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 VMA \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-187-700x194.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14663\" width=\"251\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-187-700x194.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-187-768x213.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-187.png 837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VMA = \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gsb = \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gmb = \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ps = \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a (VFA) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 (VMA) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f VFA \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-188-700x166.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14664\" width=\"242\" height=\"57\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-188-700x166.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-188-900x213.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-188-768x182.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-188.png 964w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VFA = \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pa = \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 25 \u0645\u0645 (1 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 BruceMarshall\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (ASTM) (ASTM D1559) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 (\u0631\u0637\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 60 * \u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 0.25 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u061f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14665,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-59"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14662"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14662"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14666,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14662\/revisions\/14666"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}