{"id":12797,"date":"2024-08-21T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T08:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=12797"},"modified":"2024-08-21T11:59:47","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T08:59:47","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=12797","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-228-700x447.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12798\" width=\"519\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-228-700x447.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-228-900x575.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-228-768x491.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-228.png 1103w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 (OSI)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a (PDU) \u0625\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a PDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (PDU): \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (OSI) \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (OSI)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (PDU) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOSI\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cOpen Systems Interconnection\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPDU\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cProtocol-Data-Unit\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a PDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f (PDU) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a (PDU) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (PDU) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0641 (1U) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 (PDU) \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (OSI) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (Ethernet PDU)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 (IP) \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 (IP) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (TCP) \u0623\u0648 (UDP)\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 (TCP) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (UDP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 (PDU) \u0647\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (OSI)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 (1 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 (0 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2- \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3- \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4- \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 (TCP) \u0648(Datra).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5- \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6- \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7- \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTCP\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cTransmission-Control-Protocol\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIP\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cInternet-Protocol\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cUDP\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cUser-datagram-protocol\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a PDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 (TCP) \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (TCP) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 (IP)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 (PDU) \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 (TCP) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 (MAC)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 (IP) \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 (TCP) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (PDU) \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 (PDU) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 (MTU) \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 (IP) \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0624 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (ICMP)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 (MTU) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (TCP) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (TCP) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (Ethernet) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 (1460 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 (TCP) \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 (20 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (IP) \u0648\u0647\u0648 (20 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 (Ethernet) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (14 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u064b) \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 (PDU) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (PDU) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 (TCP) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 (UDP)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u200b\u200b\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cICMP\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cInternet-Control-Message-Protocol\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMTU\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cMaximum-transmission-unit\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMAC\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cMedia-Access-Control\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f PDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f (PDU): \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (SDU) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (SDU) \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (SDU) \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (SDU) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (PDU) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (MTU).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (IP) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 (PDU) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSDU\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u201cService-Data-Unit\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 (OSI)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a (PDU) \u0625\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a PDU \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (PDU): \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (OSI) \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-57"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12797"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12797"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12797\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12799,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12797\/revisions\/12799"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}