{"id":10772,"date":"2025-04-23T14:13:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T11:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=10772"},"modified":"2025-04-27T12:55:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T09:55:34","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%89-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=10772","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-317-700x418.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10773\" width=\"521\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-317-700x418.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-317-768x458.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-317.png 868w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 (DR) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (DSM) \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0640 (DSM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (DoE)\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 (DR) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f (DR) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 (DR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0640 DR \u0648 GUs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (CTMC)\u060c (X (t) \u2208 {x1\u060c x2\u060c \u22ef\u060c xN})\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1) \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (N)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 (xi (i = 1\u060c2 \u060c \u22ef \u060c N). \u03bbij)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (i) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (j)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a (i \u060c j) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 ({1 \u060c 2 \u060c \u2026 \u060c N}).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-318-700x286.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10774\" width=\"424\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-318-700x286.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-318-900x368.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-318-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-318.png 1093w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (Q) \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-319-700x323.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10775\" width=\"325\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-319-700x323.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-319-900x416.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-319-768x355.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-319.png 909w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (\u03bb):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-320-700x272.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10776\" width=\"308\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-320-700x272.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-320-900x350.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-320-768x299.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-320.png 979w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a [pi (t) (i = 1\u060c2 \u060c \u22ef \u060c N)] \u0643\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 [X (t)] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (i) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 [t (t\u22650)]\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0640 [X (t)] \u0643\u0640 [p (t)]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 [pi (t) (i = 1\u060c2 \u060c \u22ef \u060c N)]\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-321-700x306.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10777\" width=\"231\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-321-700x306.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-321-768x336.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-321.png 893w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (GU)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 (DR) \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a (DR)\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (CTMC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (GU) \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (GU) \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 (DR) \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (GU)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (GU) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c CTMC \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 DR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 [L1 (t)] \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (DR)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 [L2 (t)]\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (10 \u060c 15 \u060c 20 \u060c 60) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2) \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b (DR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (DR) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (DR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR) \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a (DR)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 [D (t)]\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-322-700x259.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10778\" width=\"239\" height=\"88\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-322-700x259.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-322.png 712w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-323-700x306.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10779\" width=\"406\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-323-700x306.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-323-900x394.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-323-768x336.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-323.png 953w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b (DR) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (3)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (CTMC) \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-324-700x375.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10780\" width=\"385\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-324-700x375.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-324-900x482.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-324-768x411.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-324-310x165.png 310w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-324.png 1106w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (CTMC) \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (MSD) \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 (MSD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR)\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-325-700x421.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10781\" width=\"306\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-325-700x421.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-325-900x542.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-325-768x462.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-325.png 935w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(D\u00af \u060c S): \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(K): \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (ND)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 (ND) \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1)\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 (Ei) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 (Dmin \u060c Dmax) \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-326-700x475.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10782\" width=\"430\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-326-700x475.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-326-768x521.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-326-110x75.png 110w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-326.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-327-700x452.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10783\" width=\"429\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-327-700x452.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-327-900x582.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-327-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-327.png 998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 (DR) \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u062b (DR)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (CTMC) \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 (MSD)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DR).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (DR)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 (DR) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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