{"id":1063,"date":"2021-06-22T14:43:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T11:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/?p=1063"},"modified":"2022-01-06T14:51:57","modified_gmt":"2022-01-06T12:51:57","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=1063","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/10-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/10-2.jpg 630w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/10-2-300x143.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061f<br><\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u2013 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 (P-N) \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"434\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-2.png 640w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-2-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-2-110x75.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 NPN\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a PNP\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 Base\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 B. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b Emitter \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0627 E\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639) Collector \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0647 C. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061f<br><\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 PNP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 NPN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061f <br><\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 Transfer Resistor \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649\u061f <br><\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0645: \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Bardeen)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Brattain) \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a (Shockley)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u061f <br><\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b<br> \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (OFF)\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 (ON)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/12-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1066\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/12-2.png 400w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/12-2-300x181.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b.<br> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a LED \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 LDR \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/13-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/13-2.png 400w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/13-2-300x284.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 BC547 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 B \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 E\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 0.7 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<br><\/strong> 1- \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<br> 2- \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f. <br> 3- \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (ICs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (CPU).<br> 4- \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.<br> 5- \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<br><\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <br> 1- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641. <br> 2- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. <br> 3- \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<br> 4- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<br> 5- \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<br> 6- \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <br> 7- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d (\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0633 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 &#8211; \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645<br><\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a:<br> 1- \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-1.png 626w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-1-300x109.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2- \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16.png 624w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17.png 400w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 BFY51 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<br> \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 30 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0639\u061f<br><\/strong> \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u061f<br><\/strong> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: <br> 2N2222, 2N3055, BY255, 1N5408, BC337, BC547, BC548, BC557, BC640, BC639, BC141, BC147, BU426A, BUDW11, D2144, BFY51, 2SB507, 2SD313, 1S2758, 2SD1518, 1N4001, 2N3904.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a  Transistor Equivalent List<br><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 1S2758 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BY255 \u0648 1N5408. \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 2SD1518 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 BU426A\u060c BUDW11. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BC557 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BC547\/BC548 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061f<br><\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BC547 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BC548\u061f<br><\/strong> \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 BC547 \u0648 BC548 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"327\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.NTSS-JO.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18.png 640w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18-300x153.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BC547 \u0648 BC548 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 BC547 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647 30 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Vcbo, Vces, Vceo \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 Veb. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 BC548 \u0641\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f 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