{"id":10615,"date":"2024-12-29T12:33:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T09:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=10615"},"modified":"2024-12-29T11:08:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T08:08:09","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/?p=10615","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-247-700x436.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10616\" width=\"548\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-247-700x436.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-247-900x561.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-247-768x479.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-247.png 1049w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Phasor-PMU) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (HVDC) \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 (PMU) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (HVDC)\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 (ERCOT) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2009)\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 (OG&amp;E) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2011)\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (Jibei) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a (2013)\u0645 \u060c (2014)\u0645 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2015)\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 (HVDC)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (TSR)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (1) \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 (DFT) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0640 (DFT) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (PMUs) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (DFT) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (DC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u201d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (PMUs) \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 (interharmonics)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 (interharmonics)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 (HVDC)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-248-700x187.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10617\" width=\"428\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-248-700x187.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-248-900x240.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-248-768x205.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-248.png 967w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[x (t)]: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[Xm (t)]: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u03c60): \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(f0): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u0394f (t)]: \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (X\u02d9) \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-249-700x354.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10618\" width=\"412\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-249-700x354.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-249-900x455.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-249-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-249.png 1095w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d [ej (2\u03c0f0t)] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a (2\u03c0f0)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a (Xm1) \u0641\u064a\u0647 (5.773) \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 (f1 20) \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a (Xm0) \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (57.73) \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 (f0) \u0647\u064a (50) \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 (\u0394f1) = 30 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-250-700x340.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10619\" width=\"508\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-250-700x340.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-250-900x437.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-250-768x373.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-250.png 1035w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-251-700x489.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10620\" width=\"404\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-251-700x489.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-251-768x536.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-251.png 826w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a PMUs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 (HVDC) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 (2015)\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (PMUs) (40) \u063a\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (140) \u062e\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-252-700x572.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10621\" width=\"466\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-252-700x572.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-252-768x628.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-252.png 815w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 (C-E)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (PMU) \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-253-561x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10622\" width=\"370\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-253-561x700.png 561w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-253.png 628w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (PMU) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 (HVDC)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 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