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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (SEM) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a (SEM)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 (MMF) \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-154-693x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10404\" width=\"353\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-154-693x700.png 693w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-154.png 725w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a (SEM)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a (SEM)\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 (UPS) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d (VSI) \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (CSI) \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0645\u0639 (VSI) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (CSI) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (CSI) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0649 (LC) \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (PI) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 (PI)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a (SEM) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (CSI) \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 (VSI) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 CSI \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (SEMs)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 (CSI) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0640 (SEM) \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 (VSI) \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (SEMs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (CSI) \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (2) \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-155-430x700.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10405\" width=\"270\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-155-430x700.png 430w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-155.png 469w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (SEM) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (SEM) \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0640 (SEM) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (CSI) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Cs) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (Rs)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 (Cmd)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (dq) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0640 (SEM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a (1) \u2013 (4) \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (SEM) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 (5) \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0640 (SEM)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-156-700x343.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10406\" width=\"425\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-156-700x343.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-156-900x441.png 900w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-156-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-156.png 1127w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (d) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (q) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (d) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (3) \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (dq) \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-157-700x523.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10407\" width=\"368\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-157-700x523.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-157.png 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 (u) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 (7) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 (MMF) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (8)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (4) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (RC) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 (MMF) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" 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is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-161-700x404.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10411\" width=\"361\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-161-700x404.png 700w, https:\/\/Muhandes.Net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-161.png 703w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 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